[2]Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 361 (1967) (J. Harlan, concurring).

[3]See id.

[4]Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 589 (1980).

[5]Silverman v. United States, 365 U.S. 505, 511 (1961).

[6]United States v. Karo, 468 U.S. 705, 714 (1984).

[7]Id. at 715.

[8]Id.

[9]United States v. Penny-Feeney, 773 F.Supp. 220, 225-26 (D. Hawaii 1991), aff'd on other grounds, 984 F.2d 1053 (9th Cir. 1993).

[10]Id. at 226.

[11]Id., citing California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35, 40 (1988).

[12]See Penny-Feeney, 773 F.Supp. at 223.

[13]Greenwood, 468 U.S. at 40.

[14]Id. at 41.

[15]Karo, 468 U.S. at 714.

[16]Penny-Feeney, 773 F.Supp. at 226.

[17]United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696, 707 (1983).

[18]Id. at 707.

[19]Id.

[20]See Silverman, 365 U.S. at 511.

[21]Place, 462 U.S. at 707.